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The management of renewable natural resources is increasingly becoming a highly sophisticated activity. In many jurisdictions, including Canada, natural resource management policy is considered to have a strong science basis. Yet the precise role of science in decision making is often unclear. This paper explores the role of science and scientists in the development of policy towards the establishment and maintenance of marine protected areas (MPAs) in Canada. This exploration suggests that science enters into decision making for MPAs in an episodic way. This episodic model of science in decision making is contrasted with a more adaptive approach in which policy initiatives would be treated as exercises in adaptive learning. Such an adaptive model is more likely to help close social and communications gaps between scientists and decision makers and lead to the establishment and maintenance of more and better MPAs in Canada.

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We studied the coral-reef fish communities of Saba Marine Park (Netherlands Antilles) and Hol Chan Marine Reserve (Ambergris Caye, Belize) in the Caribbean to assess differences between them and adjacent ecologically similar sites after 4 yr. of protection from fishing. Forty-five percent of target species commonly recorded in visual censuses in Belize (23% of all recorded target species), and 59% at Saba (22%), showed greater abundance, size or biomass in shallow protected sites. These differences are considered primarily to reflect increased survivorship with the cessation of fishing mortality. The greatest estimated biomasses were observed in locally protected snapper (Lutjanidae) in Belize and Saba, and grunt (Haemulidae) at Saba. In both protected areas the local stock of visible demersal target fishes was 1.9 to 2.0 times greater in biomass and 2.2 to 3.5 times greater in commercial value than in fished sites. Larger local stock of many targeted species is likely to support higher egg output from the protected areas, while larger predator biomass will mean more intense predation at the protected sites.

Pomeroy, C. and J. Beck. 1997. Cooperative management of the state's marine ecological reserves: preliminary evidence from Big Creek. p. 56-67. In : Marine Protected Areas of California: A Summary of a Conference Session. D.M. McCardle and R.M. Starr (eds.). Univ. Of California, Sea Grant Cooperative Extension, Santa Barbara, CA.

Porch, C.E., III. 1993. A numerical study of larval retention in the southern Straits of Florida. Ph.D. Dissertation, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL 246 pp.

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